U.S. Presidential Elections

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1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008




1964 presidential election

Color Key: Blue: Lyndon Johnson, Red: Barry Goldwater

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
Lyndon Johnson
Democratic
Texas
43,127,041 (61.1%)
486 (90.3%)
Hubert Humphrey
Barry Goldwater
Republican
Arizona
27,175,754 (38.5%)
52 (9.7%)
William Miller
(unpledged electors)
Democratic
(n/a)
210,732 (0.3%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
Other
(n/a)
(n/a)
125,757 (0.2%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


70,639,284 (100%)
538 (100%)


Comments: The United States presidential election of 1964 was one of the most lopsided presidential elections in United States history. President Lyndon B. Johnson had come to office less than a year earlier upon the assassination of his predecessor, John F. Kennedy, and Johnson had successfully associated himself with Kennedy's popularity. Johnson also successfully painted his opponent, Republican Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona, as an extremist who might plunge the country into nuclear war. With both of these factors working for him, Johnson easily won the Presidency, carrying 44 of the 50 states. As of 2007, Johnson's 22.6% margin of victory in the popular vote is the second-largest such margin in Presidential election history (after Nixon's 23.2% margin in the 1972 election).




1968 presidential election

Color Key: Red: Richard Nixon, Blue: Hubert Humphrey, Dark Red: George Wallace

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
Richard Nixon
Republican
New York*
31,783,783 (43.4%)
301 (55.9%)
Spiro Agnew
Hubert Humphrey
Democratic
Minnesota
31,271,839 (42.7%)
191 (35.5%)
Edmund Muskie
George Wallace
American Independent
Alabama
9,901,118 (13.5%)
46 (8.6%)
Curtis LeMay
Other
(n/a)
(n/a)
243,258 (0.3%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


73,199,998 (100%)
538 (100%)

* In 1968, Richard Nixon's official state of residence was New York, not California. He had moved to New York City to practice law after his loss in the 1962 California gubernatorial race.

Comments: The United States presidential election of 1968 was a wrenching national experience, and included the assassination of liberal Democratic candidate Robert F. Kennedy, the violence at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, as well as widespread demonstrations against the Vietnam War across American university and college campuses. In the end, Richard M. Nixon would win the election on a campaign of "law and order". The 1968 election is sometimes considered to be a realigning election.




1972 presidential election

Color Key: Red: Richard Nixon, Blue: George McGovern, Gray: John Hospers

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
Richard Nixon
Republican
California
47,169,911 (60.7%)
520 (96.7%)
Spiro Agnew
George McGovern
Democratic
South Dakota
29,170,383 (37.5%)
17 (3.2%)
Sargent Shriver
John Hospers
Libertarian
California
3,674 (0.0%)
1 (0.1%)*
Theodora Nathan
John Schmitz
American
California
1,100,868 (1.4%)
0 (0.0%)
Thomas Anderson
Linda Jenness
Socialist Workers
Georgia
83,380 (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
Andrew Pulley
Benjamin Spock
People's
California
78,759 (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
Julius Hobson
Other
(n/a)
(n/a)
135,414 (0.2%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


77,744,027 (100%)
538 (100%)

* A Virginia faithless elector, Roger MacBride, though pledged to vote for Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew, instead voted for Libertarian John Hospers and Theodora Nathan.

Comments: 
The United States presidential election of 1972 was waged on the issues of radicalism and the Vietnam War. The Democratic nomination was eventually won by George McGovern, who ran an anti-war crusade against incumbent President Richard Nixon, but was handicapped by his outsider status as well as the scandal and subsequent firing of vice presidential candidate Thomas Eagleton.

Nixon, proclaiming that peace was at hand in Vietnam because of his policies, ridiculed McGovern as the radical candidate. The election took place on November 7, 1972. Nixon won the election, with a 23.2 percentage point margin of victory in the popular vote, the fourth largest such margin in Presidential election history.





1976 presidential election

Color Key: Blue: Jimmy Carter, Red: Gerald Ford, Dark Red: Ronald Reagan

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
Jimmy Carter
Democratic
Georgia
40,831,881 (50.1%)
297 (55.2%)
Walter Mondale
Gerald Ford
Republican
Michigan
39,148,634 (48.0%)
240 (44.6%)
Bob Dole
Ronald Reagan
Republican
California
--*
1 (0.2%)
Bob Dole
Eugene McCarthy
(none)
Minnesota
740,460 (0.9%)
0 (0.0%)
**
Roger MacBride
Libertarian
Vermont
172,553 (0.2%)
0 (0.0%)
David Bergland
Lester Maddox
American Independent
Georgia
170,274 (0.2%)
0 (0.0%)
William D. Dyke
Thomas J. Anderson
American
***
158,271 (0.2%)
0 (0.0%)
Rufus Shackelford
Peter Camejo
Socialist Workers

90,986 (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
Willie Mae Reid
Other
(n/a)
(n/a)
218,525 (0.3%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


81,531,584 (100%)
538 (100%)

* Mike Padden, a Republican faithless elector from Washington State, gave Ronald Reagan one electoral vote.
**
The running mate of McCarthy varied from state to state, possibly in an effort to attract local voters similar to that tried by the Whigs in 1836, but this reasoning is an unverified theory.
***
Research has not yet determined whether Anderson's home state was Tennessee or Texas at the time of the 1976 election.

Comments:
The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon in the wake of the Watergate scandal. It pitted incumbent President Gerald Ford, the Republican candidate, against the relatively unknown former governor of Georgia, Jimmy Carter, the Democratic candidate. Ford was saddled with a slow economy and paid a political price for his pardon of Nixon. Carter ran as a Washington "outsider" and reformer and won a narrow victory. He was the first president elected from the Deep South since 1848. Eugene McCarthy, a former Democratic Senator from Minnesota, ran as an independent candidate.




1980 presidential election

Color Key: Red: Ronald Reagan, Blue: Jimmy Carter

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
Ronald Reagan
Republican
California
43,903,230 (50.7%)
489 (90.9%)
George H.W. Bush
Jimmy Carter
Democratic
Georgia
35,480,115 (41.0%)
49 (9.1%)
Walter Mondale
John Anderson
(none)
Illinois
5,719,850 (6.6%)
0 (0.0%)
Patrick Lucey
Ed Clark
Libertarian
California
921,128 (1.1%)
0 (0.0%)
David H. Koch
Barry Commoner
Citizens
Missouri
233,052 (0.3%)
0 (0.0%)
La Donna Harris
Other
(n/a)
(n/a)
252,303 (0.3%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


86,509,678 (100%)
538 (100%)


Comments: The U.S. presidential election of 1980 featured a contest between incumbent Democrat Jimmy Carter and his Republican opponent, Ronald Reagan. Carter was blamed for soaring inflation, high interest rates, and stagnant economy at home, and a deteriorating situation abroad, especially in the Middle East where the Iran hostage crisis proved humiliating. Many Americans saw Carter as having failed to have dealt with any of these situations either decisively or effectively. Carter, after defeating Ted Kennedy for the nomination, attacked Reagan as a dangerous radical. Reagan, the charismatic ex-Governor of California, repeatedly ridiculed Carter's ineffectiveness and won a landslide victory that carried the United States Senate for the first time in 28 years. This win marked the beginning of the "Reagan Revolution."




1984 presidential election

Color Key: Red: Ronald Reagan, Blue: Walter Mondale

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
Ronald Reagan
Republican
California
54,455,472 (58.8%)
525 (97.6%)
George H.W. Bush
Walter Mondale
Democratic
Minnesota
37,577,352 (40.6%)
13 (2.4%)
Geraldine Ferraro
David Bergland
Libertarian
California
228,111 (0.3%)
0 (0.0%)
Jim Lewis
Other
(n/a)
(n/a)
392,298 (0.4%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


92,653,233 (100%)
538 (100%)


Comments: The U.S. presidential election of 1984 was a contest between the incumbent President Ronald Reagan, the former Vice President Walter Mondale, and other candidates. Mondale lost the electoral vote in every state in the union except for his home state, Minnesota - which he won by fewer than 3,800 votes - and the District of Columbia. Reagan received 58.8% of the popular vote to Mondale's 40.6%.




1988 presidential election

Color Key: Red: George H.W. Bush, Blue: Michael Dukakis, Light Blue: Lloyd Bentsen

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
George H.W. Bush
Republican
Texas
48,886,597 (53.4%)
426 (79.2%)
Dan Quayle
Michael Dukakis
Democratic
Massachusetts
41,809,476 (45.6%)
111 (20.6%)
Lloyd Bentsen
Lloyd Bentsen
Democratic
Texas
--*
1 (0.2%)
Michael Dukakis
Ronald Paul
Libertarian
Texas
431,750 (0.5%)
0 (0.0%)
Andre Marrou
Lenora Fulani
New Alliance

217,221 (0.2%)
0 (0.0%)
**
Other
(n/a)
(n/a)
249,642 (0.3%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


91,594,686 (100%)
538 (100%)

* A West Virginia faithless elector voted for Bentsen as President and Dukakis as Vice President in order to make a statement against the U.S. Electoral College.
**
Fulani's running mate varied from state to state. Among the six vice presidential candidates were Joyce Dattner, Harold Moore, and somebody with the last name of “Burke”.

Comments: The U.S. presidential election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties. Ronald Reagan, the incumbent President, was vacating the position after serving the maximum two terms allowed by the Twenty-second Amendment. Reagan's Vice President, George Bush, won the Republican nomination, while the Democrats nominated Michael Dukakis, governor of Massachusetts. Bush capitalized on Reagan's popularity while Dukakis's campaign suffered from several miscues; the result was a third consecutive lopsided Republican presidential election victory.




1992 presidential election

Color Key: Blue: Bill Clinton, Red: George H.W. Bush

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
Bill Clinton
Democratic
Arkansas
44,909,806 (43.0%)
370 (68.8%)
Al Gore
George H.W. Bush
Republican
Texas
39,104,550 (37.4%)
168 (31.2%)
Dan Quayle
Ross Perot
(none)
Texas
19,743,821 (18.9%)
0 (0.0%)
James Stockdale
Andre Marrou
Libertarian

290,087 (0.3%)
0 (0.0%)
Nancy Lord
James "Bo" Gritz
Populist

106,152 (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
Cy Minett
Other
(n/a)
(n/a)
269,507 (0.3%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


104,423,923 (100%)
538 (100%)


Comments: The U.S. presidential election of 1992 featured a three-way battle between Republican George Bush, the incumbent President; Democrat Bill Clinton, the governor of Arkansas; and independent candidate Ross Perot, a Texas businessman. Bush had alienated much of his conservative base by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes, the economy had sunk into recession, and his perceived best strength, foreign policy, was regarded as much less important following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East following the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War. Clinton successfully capitalized on these weaknesses by running as a centrist New Democrat and won the presidency.




1996 presidential election

Color Key: Blue: Bill Clinton, Red: Bob Dole

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
Bill Clinton
Democratic*
Arkansas
47,400,125 (49.2%)
379 (70.5%)
Al Gore
Bob Dole
Republican**
Kansas
39,198,755 (40.7%)
159 (29.5%)
Jack Kemp
Ross Perot
Reform***
Texas
8,085,482 (8.4%)
0 (0.0%)
Pat Choate****
Ralph Nader
Green
Connecticut
685,297 (0.7%)
0 (0.0%)
*****
Harry Browne
Libertarian
Tennessee
485,798 (0.5%)
0 (0.0%)
Jo Jorgensen
Howard Phillips
Taxpayers
Virginia
184,820 (0.2%)
0 (0.0%)
Herbert Titus
John Hagelin
Natural Law
Iowa
113,670 (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
Michael Tompkins
Other******
(n/a)
(n/a)
121,534 (0.1%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


96,275,401 (100%)
538 (100%)

* In New York, the Clinton vote was a fusion of the Democratic and Liberal slates. There, Clinton obtained 3,649,630 votes on the Democratic ticket and 106,547 votes on the Liberal ticket.
**
In New York, the Dole vote was a fusion of the Republican, Conservative, and Freedom slates. There, Dole obtained 1,738,707 votes on the Republican ticket, 183,392 votes on the Conservative ticket, and 11,393 votes on the Freedom ticket.
***
In South Carolina, the Perot vote was a fusion of the Reform and Patriot slates. There, Perot obtained 27,464 votes on the Reform ticket and 36,913 votes on the Patriot ticket.
****
On the California, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Texas election ballots, James Campbell of California, Perot's former boss at IBM, was listed as a stand-in Vice-Presidential candidate until Perot decided on Pat Choate as his choice for Vice President.
*****
The Green Party vice presidential candidate varied from state to state, giving Nader a total of four running mates. Winona LaDuke seems to have been the vice presidential candidate in many states. Anne Goeke was Nader's running mate in Iowa and Pennsylvania. Madelyn Hoffman was Nader's running mate in New Jersey. And Muriel Tillinghast was the running mate in New York.
******
Candidates receiving less than 1/2000 of the total popular vote.

Comments:
The U.S. presidential election of 1996 was a contest between the Democratic national ticket of President Bill Clinton of Arkansas and Vice President Albert Gore Jr. of Tennessee versus the Republican national ticket of Senator Robert J. Dole of Kansas for President and former Congressman and ex-Cabinet Secretary Jack F. Kemp of Buffalo, New York for Vice President. Clinton benefited from a relatively strong economy and a lack of credible foreign threats, and although he once again failed to receive a majority of the popular vote because of heavy campaigning by Reform Party nominee H. Ross Perot of Texas, he won the election over Dole, who was thought by some to have run a lackluster campaign.





2000 presidential election

Color Key: Red: George W. Bush, Blue: Al Gore, White: Abstention

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
George W. Bush
Republican
Texas
50,460,110 (47.87%)
271 (50.37%)
Dick Cheney
Al Gore
Democratic
Tennessee
51,003,926 (48.38%)
266 (49.44%)
Joe Lieberman
(abstention)
(n/a)
(n/a)
--
1 (0.19%)*
(n/a)
Ralph Nader
Green
Connecticut
2,883,105 (2.73%)
0 (0.0%)
Winona LaDuke
Pat Buchanan
Reform
Virginia
449,225 (0.43%)
0 (0.0%)
Ezola Foster
Harry Browne
Libertarian
Tennessee
384,516 (0.36%)
0 (0.0%)
Art Oliver
Howard Phillips
Constitution
Virginia
98,022 (0.09%)
0 (0.0%)
Curtis Frazier
John Hagelin
Natural Law,
Reform
Iowa
83,702 (0.08%)
0 (0.0%)
Nat Goldhaber
Other**
(n/a)
(n/a)
54,652 (0.05%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


105,417,258 (100%)
538 (100%)

* One faithless elector from the District of Columbia, Barbara Lett-Simmons, abstained from voting in protest of the District's lack of a voting representative in United States Congress. (D.C. has a non-voting delegate to Congress.) She had been expected to vote for Gore/Lieberman.
**
Candidates receiving less than 1/2000 of the total popular vote.

Comments:
The United States presidential election of 2000 was one of the closest presidential elections in the history of the United States. It was a contest between Democratic candidate Al Gore, the Vice President of the United States, and Republican candidate George W. Bush, the Governor of Texas. The election was held on November 7, 2000.

On election night, the news media twice declared a winner in the state of Florida prematurely based on exit polls, before deciding the race was too close to call. It became clear that both candidates needed Florida's electoral votes to win the presidency. A month of controversial court challenges and recounts folllowed, until the Supreme Court of the United States halted further recounts in its ruling for Bush v. Gore. Bush was certified as the winner in Florida by a margin of 537 votes, thereby defeating Gore, who received more votes than Bush nationwide. It was the third time in American history that a candidate won the vote in the Electoral College without receiving a plurality of the popular vote. (This also happened in the elections of 1876 and 1888.)





2004 presidential election

Color Key: Red: George W. Bush, Blue: John Kerry, Light Blue: John Edwards

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
George W. Bush
Republican*
Texas
62,040,610 (50.73%)
286 (53.16%)
Dick Cheney
John Kerry
Democratic**
Massachusetts
59,028,111 (48.27%)
251 (46.65%)
John Edwards
John Edwards
Democratic
North Carolina
--***
1 (0.19%)
John Edwards
Ralph Nader
(none), Reform
Connecticut
463,653 (0.38%)
0 (0.0%)
Peter Camejo****
Michael Badnarik
Libertarian
Texas
397,265 (0.32%)
0 (0.0%)
Richard Campagna
Michael Peroutka
Constitution
Maryland
144,498 (0.12%)
0 (0.0%)
Chuck Baldwin
David Cobb
Green
Texas
119,859 (0.10%)
0 (0.0%)
Patricia LaMarche
Other*****
(n/a)
(n/a)
99,336 (0.08%)
0 (0.0%)
(n/a)
TOTAL


122,293,332 (100%)
538 (100%)

* In New York, Bush vote was the fusion of Republican and Conservative parties. There, Bush obtained 2,806,993 votes on the Republican ticket and 155,574 on the Conservative ticket.
**
In New York, Kerry vote was the fusion of Democratic and Working Families parties. There, Kerry obtained 4,180,755 votes on the Democratic ticket and 133,525 votes on the Working Families ticket.
***
One elector in Minnesota cast a ballot for president with the name of “John Ewards” [sic] written on it. The Electoral College officials certified this ballot as a vote for John Edwards for president. The remaining nine electors cast ballots for John Kerry. All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for Vice President. (John Edwards' name was spelled correctly on all ballots for Vice President.) This was the first time in U.S. history that an elector had cast both of his or her votes for the same person.
****
In Montana, Karen Sanchirico was listed on the ballot as Nader's running mate, not Camejo. In Alabama, Jan D. Pierce was Nader's running mate. In New York, Nader appeared on two distinct tickets, one with Camejo and one with Pierce.
*****
Candidates receiving less than 1/2000 of the total popular vote.

Comments: 
The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2004. It was the 55th consecutive quadrennial election for the president and vice president of the United States. Republican candidate George Walker Bush, the President of the United States, defeated Democratic candidate John Kerry, the junior United States Senator from Massachusetts. This marked the first time in United States election history where the sitting president was re-elected after losing the popular vote (but winning the presidency) in the previous election. Foreign policy was the dominant theme throughout the election campaign, particularly Bush's conduct of the War on Terrorism and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

As in the presidential election of 2000, voting controversies and concerns of irregularities emerged during and after the vote. The winner was not determined until the following day, when Kerry decided not to dispute Bush's win in the state of Ohio. The state held enough electoral votes to determine the winner of the presidency. Both Kerry and Democratic National Committee Chairman Howard Dean have stated their opinion that voting in Ohio did not proceed fairly, and that had it done so, the Democratic ticket might have won that state and therefore the election.[1]

Only three states changed alliances. New Mexico and Iowa voted Democratic in 2000, but voted Republican in 2004. New Hampshire voted Republican in 2000 but voted Democratic in 2004. In the Electoral College, George W. Bush received 286 votes, John Kerry 251 and John Edwards 1.




2008 presidential election

Color Key: Blue: Barack Obama, Red: John McCain

Presidential Candidate
Party
Home State
Popular Vote (%)
Electoral Vote (%)
Running Mate
Barack Obama
Democratic
Illinois
69,456,897 (52.92%)
365 (67.84%)
Joe Biden
John McCain
Republican
Arizona
59,934,814 (45.67%)
173 (32.16%)
Sarah Palin
Ralph Nader
(none)
Connecticut
736,804 (0.56%)
0 (0.00%)
Matt Gonzalez
Bob Barr
Libertarian
Georgia
524,524 (0.40%)
0 (0.00%)Wayne Allyn Root
Chuck Baldwin
Constitution
Florida
196,461 (0.15%)
0 (0.00%)Darrell Castle
Cynthia McKinney
Green
California
161,195 (0.12%)
0 (0.00%)Rosa Clemente
Other
(n/a)
(n/a)226,908 (0.17%)
0 (0.00%)(n/a)
TOTAL


131,237,603 (100%)
538 (100%)


Comments:
The United States presidential election of 2008 was held on Tuesday, November 4, 2008. Democrat Barack Obama, the junior United States Senator from Illinois, won decisively, beating Republican Party nominee, John McCain, the senior United States Senator from Arizona. Incumbent Republican President George W. Bush's job performance, in both foreign and domestic matters, was a key issue throughout the campaign. Domestic policy and the economy eventually emerged as the main themes in the last few months of the election campaign, particularly after the onset of the 2008 economic crisis. In naming Obama its 2008 "Person of the Year", Time magazine described his election as the result of "the steady march of seemingly impossible accomplishments".[1]

It was the 56th consecutive quadrennial United States presidential election. The selected electors from each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia voted for President and Vice President of the United States on December 15, 2008. Those votes will be tallied before a joint session of Congress on January 8, 2009, thus making the projected electoral votes official.

The 2008 election was the first time in U.S. history that an African American was elected president,[2] and the first time a Roman Catholic was elected Vice President.[3] It was also the first time two sitting senators ran against each other. In addition, 2008 was the first election since 1952 that neither the incumbent president nor the incumbent vice president was a candidate in the general election and the first time since the 1928 election that neither sought his party's nomination for president.[4][5] Voter turnout for the 2008 election was the highest in at least 40 years.





 
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